Impacto de um projeto de extensão na área de engenharia, saneamento, meio ambiente e recursos hídricos na comunidade local / Impact of an extension project in the area of engineering, sanitation, environment and water resources on the local community

O artigo apresenta os impactos do projeto de extensão universitária “Tecnologias Sociais em Recursos Hídricos e Saneamento – TECHSAN" que atua em prol da integração das tecnologias sociais, a educação sanitária e ambiental e trabalhos técnicos na área de engenharia. Foi compilada todas as atividades realizadas entre 2015 e 2019 visando relatar ações referentes ao saneamento, meio ambiente e recursos hídricos e os potenciais efeitos quanto a quantidade de assistidos e de produção de materiais além de evidenciar e descrever as ações de utilidades em serviços públicos, educação ambiental na prática, produção científica e capacitação interna. Dessa forma, o presente estudo expõe as metas atingidas pelo projeto, destacando a experiência e os efeitos observados que o mesmo provou na comunidade local externa, além de docentes e acadêmicos participantes

lnfluence of early separation on the interaction between mother and newborn infant

O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a interação mãe-bebê a partir de diferentes tempos de contato no período pós-parto imediato. A idéia inicial do estudo era a comparação de dois grupos: um que seguiria a rotina do Centro Obstétrico do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre e outro ao qual se ofereceria um tempo extra de contato. Devido à ocorrência de efeito Hawthorne, perdeu-se o grupo-controle (não houve diferença no tempo de contato das duplas em cada um dos grupos durante o período sensível). Assim, as 29 duplas que efetivamente entraram na pesquisa foram acompanhadas, sendo avaliadas as interações, como um único grupo, já que o tempo extra de contato e o apoio às mães no período de pósparto imediato foram os mesmos, o que pode ter contribuído para os bons resultados das interações. Após o primeiro, o sexto e o 12º meses de vida do bebê, as duplas apresentaram, respectivamente, taxa de 95%, 100% e 92,8% de boas e muito boas interações. Investigações futuras nesta área, com amostras maiores, devem ser realizadas, fornecendo outras contribuições aos profissionais da saúde, gerando conhecimento capaz de auxi liar na prevenção de doenças mentais, abandono e abuso, a baixo custo.The aim of the study was to assess mother-infant interaction regarding different amounts of contact during the immediate post partum period. The original idea was to compare two groups: one lha! would follow normal routine of the Obstelrical Center of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, and the other that would receive additional time together. Due to the loss ofthe control group (Hawthorne effect), the 29 dyads that consisted the sample were followed as a whole group. After the first, sixth and twelveth months, lhe dyads presented a rate of95%, 100% and 92.85%, respectively, of good and very good relationships. Once matched the groups, there is evidence that the interventian (extra time together and support to mothers during the immediate post partum period) might have contributed to the good results on the interaction. Future research on this area, with larger samples, will be needed in order to allert health professionals of developing countries to this possibility of low cost prevention of mental disorders

‘People lie’: overcoming obstacles to incorporate social science research to biodiversity conservation

Mesmo com o reconhecimento da importância da interdisciplinaridade na conservação da biodiversidade, ainda há resistência em incorporar a pesquisa em ciências sociais (PCS) ao pensamento e à prática conservacionista. As razões para tal resistência podem ser resumidas em três afirmações gerais ainda comumente atribuídas à PCS: 'tem pouca utilidade' e 'menos rigor metodológico' quando comparada à pesquisa em ciências naturais e, sobretudo, é pouco confiável porque 'as pessoas mentem'. Neste ensaio, desenvolvido a partir da experiência dos participantes de uma comunidade de prática, formada por profissionais de diversas áreas e setores relacionados à conservação, e das discussões geradas nesse espaço de aprendizado coletivo, abordamos as limitações e os equívocos por trás das afirmações acima. A PCS não é menos útil na conservação e nem tem menos rigor metodológico do que a pesquisa em ciências naturais, e quando as pessoas mentem para o pesquisador o problema não está na pesquisa em si, mas na relação entre sujeito e pesquisador. Argumentamos que à medida que os conservacionistas se familiarizam com a PCS e que os princípios de equidade e justiça são incorporados aos valores e objetivos da conservação, a importância e necessidade da PCS na conservação tornam-se óbvias, e a falta de confiança entre pesquisador e sujeitos deixa de ser uma preocupação significativa. Capacitar, integrar e apoiar são nossas recomendações básicas para pesquisadores, educadores, gestores e tomadores de decisão nas áreas de conservação, ensino, publicação e financiamento, para que a PCS cumpra plenamente seu papel na conservação.Despite the acknowledged importance of interdisciplinarity in biodiversity conservation, there is still resistance to incorporate social science research (SSR) to both conservationist thinking and practice. The reasons for such a resistance can be summarized in three general statements still commonly attributed to SSR, namely: it is of 'little use' and it has 'less methodological rigor' than research in the natural sciences and, above all, it is unreliable because 'people lie'. The current essay was developed based on the experience of participants of a community of practice (formed by professionals from different fields and sectors  associated with conservation), as well as on discussions held in this space of collective learning. It addresses the limitations and misconceptions behind the aforementioned statements. SSR is not less useful in conservation and not less methodologically rigorous than research conducted in the natural sciences. When researchers are lied to, the problem does not lie on the research itself, but on the subject-researcher relationship. We herein argue that as conservationists become more familiar with SSR, and as principles like equity and justice are incorporated to conservation values and goals, both the importance and need of SSR in conservation become obvious, making the lack of trust between researcher and subjects no longer a significant concern. Increasing capacity, integrating and supporting are our basic recommendations for researchers, educators, managers and decision-makers in the conservation, teaching, publishing and funding fields, so that SSR can fully fulfill its role in conservation

Comportamento visual e desenvolvimento motor de recém-nascidos prematuros no primeiro mês de vida

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o comportamento visual e o desenvolvimento motor de RNPT com um mês de idade corrigida, nascidos na maternidade de um hospital escola. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, seccional no primeiro mês de idade corrigida em uma coorte de recém-nascidos prematuros, utilizando-se como instrumentos de avaliação o Método de Avaliação da Conduta Visual de Lactentes e o Alberta Infant Movement Scale (AIMS). RESULTADOS: Observou-se que os recém-nascidos prematuros apresentaram respostas esperadas para as provas que avaliam o comportamento oculomotor e com frequências inferiores para a prova do sorriso, conforme o método de avaliação utilizado no estudo. Na avaliação motora, 25% apresentaram percentil abaixo de 5; 8,3% com percentil 5; 8,3% com percentil 10; 25% com percentil 25; 8,3% com percentil 50 e 25% com percentil 75. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que mesmo em pequena amostra é possível observar atraso típico no desenvolvimento motor de lactentes prematuros quando se utiliza instrumento de avaliação adequado. Evidenciou-se que a idade gestacional pode ter influenciado o desempenho dos lactentes e que os recém-nascidos prematuros, mesmo com a idade corrigida, ainda estão aquém dos bebês a termo no que se refere às aquisições do desenvolvimento motor, indicando a necessidade de alerta ao desenvolvimento no percentil 10 ou abaixo, mesmo apresentando desempenho satisfatório no comportamento visual. A correção da idade foi um importante fator que norteou a compreensão das aquisições visuais e motoras de lactentes prematuros.OBJECTIVE: To characterize the visual behavior and the motor development of premature newborns (RNPT) with one month of age corrected, born in the maternity of a school hospital. METHOD: Descriptive study, sectional in the first month of age corrected in a cohort of a premature newborn, by using as instruments the Evaluation Method of the Visual behavior in newborns and the Alberta Infant Movement Scale (AIMS). RESULTS: It was observed that the premature newborns presented expected answers for the tests that evaluate the oculomotor behavior and with lower frequencies for the test of smile, in agreement with the method of evaluation utilized in the study. In the motor evaluation (AIMS), 25% presented below the percentage 5; 8.3% had percentage 5; 8.3% had percentage 10; 25% had percentage 25; 8.3% had percentage 50 and 25% had percentage 75. CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this study showed that in despite of the small sample it was possible to observe a typical delay in the motor development in RNPT through an adequate instrument of evaluation. It was evident that the gestational age influenced the performance of the newborns and that the premature newborns even with the corrected age are still behind the full term babies regarding the acquisition of motor development, indicating the need of alert to the development at the percentile 10 or below, even presenting satisfactory performance in the visual behavior. Age correction was a significant factor facilitating in the understanding of the visual and motor acquisitions in RNPT

Genotype and phenotype landscape of MEN2 in 554 medullary thyroid cancer patients: the BrasMEN study

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease caused by RET gene germline mutations that is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) associated with other endocrine tumors. Several reports have demonstrated that the RET mutation profile may vary according to the geographical area. In this study, we collected clinical and molecular data from 554 patients with surgically confirmed MTC from 176 families with MEN2 in 18 different Brazili an centers to compare the type and prevalence of RET mutations with those from other countries. The most frequent mutations, classified by the number of families affected, occur in codon 634, exon 11 (76 families), followed by codon 918, exon 16 (34 families: 26 with M918T and 8 with M918V) and codon 804, exon 14 (22 families: 15 with V804M and 7 with V804L). When compared with other major published series from Europe, there are several similarities and some differences. While the mutations in codons C618, C620, C630, E768 and S891 present a similar prevalence, some mutations have a lower prevalence in Brazil, and others are found mainly in Brazil (G533C and M918V). These results reflect the singular proportion of European, Amerindian and African ancestries in the Brazilian mosaic genome83289298CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL - FAPERGSSem informaçãoSem informação2006/60402-1; 2010/51547-1; 2013/01476-9; 2014/06570-6; 2009/50575-4; 2010/51546-5; 2012/21942-116/2551-0000482-

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Combined fit to the spectrum and composition data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory including magnetic horizon effects

The measurements by the Pierre Auger Observatory of the energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays can be interpreted assuming the presence of two extragalactic source populations, one dominating the flux at energies above a few EeV and the other below. To fit the data ignoring magnetic field effects, the high-energy population needs to accelerate a mixture of nuclei with very hard spectra, at odds with the approximate E$^{-2}$ shape expected from diffusive shock acceleration. The presence of turbulent extragalactic magnetic fields in the region between the closest sources and the Earth can significantly modify the observed CR spectrum with respect to that emitted by the sources, reducing the flux of low-rigidity particles that reach the Earth. We here take into account this magnetic horizon effect in the combined fit of the spectrum and shower depth distributions, exploring the possibility that a spectrum for the high-energy population sources with a shape closer to E$^{-2}$ be able to explain the observations

Studies of the mass composition of cosmic rays and proton-proton interaction cross-sections at ultra-high energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory

In this work, we present an estimate of the cosmic-ray mass composition from the distributions of the depth of the shower maximum (Xmax) measured by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We discuss the sensitivity of the mass composition measurements to the uncertainties in the properties of the hadronic interactions, particularly in the predictions of the particle interaction cross-sections. For this purpose, we adjust the fractions of cosmic-ray mass groups to fit the data with Xmax distributions from air shower simulations. We modify the proton-proton cross-sections at ultra-high energies, and the corresponding air shower simulations with rescaled nucleus-air cross-sections are obtained via Glauber theory. We compare the energy-dependent composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays obtained for the different extrapolations of the proton-proton cross-sections from low-energy accelerator data